Abstract
The need for precise, effective, and reliable measurement and monitoring of environmental parameters in greenhouses is critical for crop quality and yield. In the past few years, advanced senor methods garnered considerable study in the agriculture field. Capable and efficient use of intelligent sensors in a variety of activities is optimizing resource use while minimizing human interposition. Therefore, this review article aimed to provide significant knowledge about the detection and diagnosis of environmental parameters in greenhouses and the present state of remote communication utilizing intelligent approaches, as well as providing a broad overview of the field. A wide range of sensors and actuators are used extensively in advanced agricultural facilities like plant factories and greenhouses to monitor and regulate their environmental conditions. Temperature and humidity are the most important variables that affect plant growth. The ideal temperature range for healthy plant development is between 4°C and 30°C. Temperature and humidity sensors are widely used in greenhouses. CO2 concentration is critical for root growth and respiration. Photosynthesis and other physiological processes need an adequate amount of light and a photoperiod. CO2 sensors and light sensors are often used to monitor smart facilities. When it comes to nutrition monitoring, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH concentration are crucial factors to measure. The most frequent method of monitoring water quality and nutrient content is using pH sensors. Wireless communication such as ZigBee, LoRa, Bluetooth, WiFi, Sigfox, and GPRS/3G/4G technology is widely used for remote monitoring of the ambient environmental condition. The fast expansion of communication networks and the availability of a broad variety of new distant, proximal, and contact sensors are creating new options for farmers. The advancement of technology creates new opportunities for smart farming, and this review article will assist in the implementation of improved monitoring technologies in smart farming.
Figures & Tables
Fig. 1.The automated greenhouse system using IoT technology (by Kerns and Lee, 2017).
