Abstract
This paper reviews and summarizes some of the non-invasive techniques used to detect crop diseases. His two main categories of non-invasive monitoring of crop diseases are (1) spectroscopy and imaging techniques, and (2) volatile organic compound profiling-based techniques for recognizing crop diseases. Spectroscopy and imaging techniques include fluorescence spectroscopy, visible-IR spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, and hyperspectral imaging. Disease detection based on the VOC profile involves the use of electronic nasal or GC-MS-based volatile metabolite analysis emitted from healthy and diseased crops as tools to identify the disease. Some of the challenges in these technologies are (1) the impact of background data on the resulting profile or data, (2) technology optimization for specific crop diseases, and (3) continuous automated monitoring. Technology automation. Crop diseases under real-world field conditions. This review suggests that these disease detection methods show excellent potential for the ability to accurately detect crop diseases. Spectroscopic and imaging techniques can be integrated with autonomous agricultural vehicles for reliable, real-time crop disease detection to achieve superior crop disease control and control.
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